Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Shemot 12:22,23 (Bo) - Why did the Jewish have to stay indoors during the night of the 10th plague?

Prior to the tenth plague Moshe gave the people various instructions, and one of these instructions was that the people could not leave their homes the night of the plague, 12:22. Why could they not go outside?

Rashi (on 12:22) writes that once the decree of death is declared, then even innocent people can be killed, so then there was a danger to the people from leaving their homes. A proof of this idea could be from Bemidbar 16:21 and 17:10.  Yet, as noted by the Netziv, in this particular case, if the plague could distinguish between firstborn Egyptians and non-firstborn Egyptians, then surely it could distinguish between Egyptians and Jews. G-d was able to distinguish between Egyptian animals and Jewish animals (9:6) but not between Egyptians and Jews? Thus, the plagues, and specifically the tenth plague, seem to be an exception to this rule.

Ramban writes that there was no danger to the people but that as G-d was in Egypt killing the Egyptians, there was a prohibition for any person to see G-d. I doubt this explanation since as discussed below, I believe it was the force of G-d that was in Egypt and then there was nothing for anybody to see.

Abravanel quotes from Ibn Kaspi (1279-1340) that the people were to stay in their homes in order that they would not see the Egyptians dying and in order that they would be ready to leave Egypt the following morning.

Rav Soloveitchik suggests two reasons why the people had to stay indoors. One, (Rav Schachter, 1994, p. 281) the people had to stay inside in order that they would not take revenge on the Egyptians for all the years of slavery. Rav Soloveitchik noted that in our "modern" times it was common for newly freed people to take revenge on their former colonial masters. Two, (Soloveitchik, 2007, p. 123) the people stayed inside to show that they did not participate in bringing about the Exodus. "G-d was saying to the Jewish people, 'Do not help Me; stay home. I will take care of Pharaoh and the Egyptians." Rav Soloveitchik explains that when there is a spiritual struggle, the people must participate but by a physical fight, then G-d alone is given the credit. Thus, he suggests that this is why Moshe is barely mentioned in the Haggadah.

Maybe there was another reason why the people had to stay indoors. One of the goals of the 10th plague was to separate the Jewish people from the Egyptians, 11:7, see above on 12:12,23, "A red line." The Exodus from Egypt was the beginning of the covenantal process that would culminate in the establishment of the covenant on Mount Sinai, and one crucial aspect of the covenant was the separation of the Jewish people from the rest of the world who were not part of the covenant. The remaining indoors was part of this separation process. Although it seems that the people lived apart from the Egyptians (see below on 12:37), if they went outside they could have wondered into areas where the Egyptians lived, and then there would have been no separation between the Jewish people and the Egyptians.

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